Hazard Identification (HAZID) : Systematic identification of potential hazards in a facility or process.
Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP) : Detailed, systematic examination of a planned or existing process to identify potential hazards and operability problems.
What-If Analysis : A brainstorming approach to identify potential failure scenarios and their consequences.
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA/FMECA) : Systematic analysis to identify potential failure modes in a system or process, their causes, and effects.
Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) : A quantitative method used to assess the adequacy of independent protection layers against an identified hazard.
Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Determination : Assessment and specification of the required integrity for Safety Instrumented Functions (SIFs).
Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) : Numerical estimation of risks to personnel, environment, and assets, including:
Individual Risk Per Annum (IRPA) :
- Societal Risk (FN Curves)
- Societal Risk (FN Curves)
Pre-Startup Safety Review (PSSR) : Verification that a new or modified facility meets design specifications and safety requirements before startup
Management of Change (MOC) : Establishing a robust system for managing changes to processes, equipment, and procedures to prevent unintended consequences.
